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sepsis

  • Preserving Vascular Integrity Protects Mice against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection
    Editor's Pick Experimental Therapeutics
    Preserving Vascular Integrity Protects Mice against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection

    The rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms portends a serious global threat to the health care system with nearly untreatable infectious diseases, including pneumonia and its often fatal sequelae, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including Acinetobacter baumannii,...

    Teclegiorgis Gebremariam, Lina Zhang, Sondus Alkhazraji, Yiyou Gu, Eman G. Youssef, Zongzhong Tong, Erik Kish-Trier, Ashok Bajji, Claudia V. de Araujo, Bianca Rich, Samuel W. French, Dean Y. Li, Alan L. Mueller, Shannon J. Odelberg, Weiquan Zhu, Ashraf S. Ibrahim
  • Open Access
    Activation of Heme Oxygenase Expression by Cobalt Protoporphyrin Treatment Prevents Pneumonic Plague Caused by Inhalation of <em>Yersinia pestis</em>
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Activation of Heme Oxygenase Expression by Cobalt Protoporphyrin Treatment Prevents Pneumonic Plague Caused by Inhalation of Yersinia pestis

    Pneumonic plague, caused by the Gram-negative bacteria Yersinia pestis, is an invasive, rapidly progressing disease with poor survival rates. Following inhalation of Y. pestis, bacterial invasion of the lungs and a tissue-damaging inflammatory response allows vascular spread of the infection....

    Joshua L. Willix, Jacob L. Stockton, Rachel M. Olson, Paul E. Anderson, Deborah M. Anderson
  • Vancomycin Is Protective in a Neonatal Mouse Model of <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>-Potentiated Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
    Editor's Pick Experimental Therapeutics
    Vancomycin Is Protective in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Staphylococcus epidermidis-Potentiated Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

    Infection is correlated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental sequelae in preterm infants. In modeling neonatal brain injury, Toll-like receptor agonists have often been used to mimic infections and induce inflammation. Using the most common cause of bacteremia in preterm infants, Staphylococcus epidermidis, we present a more clinically relevant neonatal mouse...

    Jacqueline C. Y. Lai, Pernilla Svedin, C. Joakim Ek, Amin Mottahedin, Xiaoyang Wang, Ofer Levy, Andrew Currie, Tobias Strunk, Carina Mallard
  • Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and Children
    Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and Children

    Piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is frequently used to treat severe hospital-acquired infections in children. We performed a single-center, pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of TZP in children ranging in age from 2 months to 6 years from various clinical subpopulations.

    Céline Thibault, Jean Lavigne, Catherine Litalien, Nastya Kassir, Yves Théorêt, Julie Autmizguine
  • Amikacin Initial Dose in Critically Ill Patients: a Nonparametric Approach To Optimize <em>A Priori</em> Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainments in Individual Patients
    Pharmacology
    Amikacin Initial Dose in Critically Ill Patients: a Nonparametric Approach To Optimize A Priori Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainments in Individual Patients

    Amikacin is commonly used for probabilistic antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis. Its narrow therapeutic margin makes it challenging to determine the right individual dose that ensures the highest efficacy target attainment rate (TAR) in this setting. This study aims to develop a new initial dosing approach for amikacin by optimizing the a priori TAR in this population.

    Clément Boidin, Laurent Bourguignon, Sabine Cohen, Claire Roger, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Jason A. Roberts, Bernard Allaouchiche, Alain Lepape, Arnaud Friggeri, Sylvain Goutelle
  • <em>In Vitro</em> Synergy and <em>In Vivo</em> Activity of Tigecycline-Ciprofloxacin Combination Therapy against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Vibrio vulnificus</span> Sepsis
    Experimental Therapeutics
    In Vitro Synergy and In Vivo Activity of Tigecycline-Ciprofloxacin Combination Therapy against Vibrio vulnificus Sepsis

    The mortality rate associated with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis remains high. An in vitro time-kill assay revealed synergism between tigecycline and ciprofloxacin. The survival rate was significantly higher in mice treated with tigecycline plus ciprofloxacin than in mice treated with cefotaxime plus minocycline. Thus, combination treatment with tigecycline-...

    Seong Eun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Su-Mi Choi, Yohan Yu, Uh Jin Kim, Kalifa Sanneh Darboe, Seung-Ji Kang, Kyung-Hwa Park, Gaeun Kang, Young Ran Kim, Joon Haeng Rhee, Sook-In Jung, Hee-Chang Jang
  • Effects of Delayed Antibiotic Therapy on Outcomes in Children with <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> Sepsis
    Clinical Therapeutics
    Effects of Delayed Antibiotic Therapy on Outcomes in Children with Streptococcus pneumoniae Sepsis

    Delayed antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor outcomes in sepsis, but the optimal antibiotic administration time remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of the time of antimicrobial administration on outcomes and evaluate an optimal empirical antibiotic administration time window for children with Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis.

    ...
    Qinyuan Li, Jie Cheng, Yi Wu, Zhili Wang, Siying Luo, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaoyin Tian, Guangli Zhang, Dapeng Chen, Zhengxiu Luo
  • A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Bacteremia Due to <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>
    Editor's Pick Clinical Therapeutics
    A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Bacteremia Due to Enterobacteriaceae

    The duration of antibiotic therapy for bacteremia due to Enterobacteriaceae is not well defined. We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes with shorter- versus longer-course treatment.

    Giannoula S. Tansarli, Nikolaos Andreatos, Elina E. Pliakos, Eleftherios Mylonakis
  • Pharmacology
    Pharmacokinetics of Daptomycin in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients
    Charalampos Antachopoulos, Stavroula Ilia, Paschalis Kadiltzoglou, Eirini Baira, Aristides Dokoumetzidis, Evangelos Gikas, Eleni Volakli, Maria Sdougka, George Briassoulis, Emmanuel Roilides
  • Pharmacology
    Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin in Sepsis Patients: Should Alternative Dosing Strategies Be Considered?
    Maria Goul Andersen, Anders Thorsted, Merete Storgaard, Anders N. Kristoffersson, Lena E. Friberg, Kristina Öbrink-Hansen

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