sepsis
Editor's Pick Experimental TherapeuticsPreserving Vascular Integrity Protects Mice against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial InfectionThe rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms portends a serious global threat to the health care system with nearly untreatable infectious diseases, including pneumonia and its often fatal sequelae, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including Acinetobacter baumannii,...
Experimental TherapeuticsActivation of Heme Oxygenase Expression by Cobalt Protoporphyrin Treatment Prevents Pneumonic Plague Caused by Inhalation of Yersinia pestisPneumonic plague, caused by the Gram-negative bacteria Yersinia pestis, is an invasive, rapidly progressing disease with poor survival rates. Following inhalation of Y. pestis, bacterial invasion of the lungs and a tissue-damaging inflammatory response allows vascular spread of the infection....
Editor's Pick Experimental TherapeuticsVancomycin Is Protective in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Staphylococcus epidermidis-Potentiated Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain InjuryInfection is correlated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental sequelae in preterm infants. In modeling neonatal brain injury, Toll-like receptor agonists have often been used to mimic infections and induce inflammation. Using the most common cause of bacteremia in preterm infants, Staphylococcus epidermidis, we present a more clinically relevant neonatal mouse...
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusions in Infants and ChildrenPiperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is frequently used to treat severe hospital-acquired infections in children. We performed a single-center, pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of TZP in children ranging in age from 2 months to 6 years from various clinical subpopulations.
PharmacologyAmikacin Initial Dose in Critically Ill Patients: a Nonparametric Approach To Optimize A Priori Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainments in Individual PatientsAmikacin is commonly used for probabilistic antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis. Its narrow therapeutic margin makes it challenging to determine the right individual dose that ensures the highest efficacy target attainment rate (TAR) in this setting. This study aims to develop a new initial dosing approach for amikacin by optimizing the a priori TAR in this population.
Experimental TherapeuticsIn Vitro Synergy and In Vivo Activity of Tigecycline-Ciprofloxacin Combination Therapy against Vibrio vulnificus SepsisThe mortality rate associated with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis remains high. An in vitro time-kill assay revealed synergism between tigecycline and ciprofloxacin. The survival rate was significantly higher in mice treated with tigecycline plus ciprofloxacin than in mice treated with cefotaxime plus minocycline. Thus, combination treatment with tigecycline-...
Clinical TherapeuticsEffects of Delayed Antibiotic Therapy on Outcomes in Children with Streptococcus pneumoniae Sepsis...Delayed antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor outcomes in sepsis, but the optimal antibiotic administration time remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of the time of antimicrobial administration on outcomes and evaluate an optimal empirical antibiotic administration time window for children with Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis.
Editor's Pick Clinical TherapeuticsA Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Bacteremia Due to EnterobacteriaceaeThe duration of antibiotic therapy for bacteremia due to Enterobacteriaceae is not well defined. We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes with shorter- versus longer-course treatment.