Staphylococcus aureus
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsDaptomycin Pore Formation and Stoichiometry Depend on Membrane Potential of Target MembraneDaptomycin is a calcium-dependent lipodepsipeptide antibiotic clinically used to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Its precise mode of action is somewhat controversial; the biggest issue is daptomycin pore formation, which we directly investigated here.
Mechanisms of ResistanceDaptomycin Resistance and Tolerance Due to Loss of Function in Staphylococcus aureus dsp1 and asp23Lipopeptide daptomycin is a last-line cell-membrane-targeting antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Alarmingly, daptomycin-resistant S. aureus isolates have emerged.
Experimental TherapeuticsDevelopment of a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Combination for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are two of the most common causes of bacterial keratitis and corresponding corneal blindness. Accordingly, such infections are predominantly treated with broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones, such as moxifloxacin.
Mechanisms of ResistanceEmergence and Within-Host Genetic Evolution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Linezolid in a Cystic Fibrosis PatientMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has increased in recent years among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Linezolid (LZD) is one of the antistaphylococcal antibiotics widely used in this context.
Biologic Response ModifiersPentoxifylline Alone or in Combination with Gentamicin or Vancomycin Inhibits Live Microbe-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Cord Blood and Cord Blood Monocytes In VitroNeonatal sepsis and its accompanying inflammatory response contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which suppresses transcription and production of proinflammatory cytokines, is a candidate adjunctive therapy for newborn sepsis.
Experimental TherapeuticsAdjunctive Clavulanic Acid Abolishes the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect in an Experimental Rat Model of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus EndocarditisWe tested the ability of clavulanic acid to restore the efficacy of cefazolin against Staphylococcus aureus TX0117, which exhibits the cefazolin inoculum effect (CzIE). In the rat infective endocarditis model, the coadministration of cefazolin plus clavulanic acid resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial counts (7.1 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g) compared to...
Clinical TherapeuticsAlanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the MEDI4893 (Suvratoxumab) Epitope Reduces Alpha Toxin Lytic Activity In Vitro and Staphylococcus aureus Fitness in Infection ModelsAlpha toxin (AT) is a cytolytic pore-forming toxin that plays a key role in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis; consequently, extensive research was undertaken to understand the AT mechanism of action and its utility as a target for novel prophylaxis and treatment strategies against S. aureus...
Mechanisms of ResistanceSulfide Protects Staphylococcus aureus from Aminoglycoside Antibiotics but Cannot Be Regarded as a General Defense Mechanism against AntibioticsSulfide production has been proposed to be a universal defense mechanism against antibiotics in bacteria (K. Shatalin, E.
PharmacologyImpact of Antibiotic Treatment on the Burden of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus among Hospitalized PatientsWe examined the impact of systemic antibiotics on the burden of nasal Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized patients. Of 1,482 patients, 237 (16%) had nasal methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 92 (6%) had nasal methicillin-resistant...
Clinical TherapeuticsEffects of Phage Endolysin SAL200 Combined with Antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus InfectionPhages and their derivatives are increasingly being reconsidered for use in the treatment of bacterial infections due to the rising rates of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the antistaphylococcal effect of the endolysin SAL200 in combination with standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotics.