Staphylococcus aureus
Clinical TherapeuticsConcurrent Local Delivery of Diflunisal Limits Bone Destruction but Fails To Improve Systemic Vancomycin Efficacy during Staphylococcus aureus OsteomyelitisStaphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis is a debilitating infection of bone. Treatment of osteomyelitis is impaired by the propensity of invading bacteria to induce pathological bone remodeling that may limit antibiotic penetration to the infectious focus. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal was previously identified as an osteoprotective adjunctive therapy...
Mechanisms of ResistanceStp1 Loss of Function Promotes β-Lactam Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus That Is Independent of Classical Genesβ-Lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus limits treatment options. Stp1 and Stk1, a serine-threonine phosphatase and kinase, respectively, mediate serine-threonine kinase (STK) signaling. Loss-of-function point mutations in stp1 were detected among laboratory-passaged β-lactam-resistant S....
SusceptibilityAntimicrobial Activity of the Quinoline Derivative HT61 against Staphylococcus aureus BiofilmsStaphylococcus aureus biofilms are a significant problem in health care settings, partly due to the presence of a nondividing, antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation. Here we evaluated treatment of S. aureus UAMS-1 biofilms with HT61, a quinoline derivative shown to be effective against nondividing ...
Experimental TherapeuticsHydrogen Peroxide-Generating Electrochemical Scaffold Activity against Trispecies BiofilmsThe antibiofilm activity of a hydrogen peroxide-generating electrochemical scaffold (e-scaffold) was determined against mono- and trispecies biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and...
Experimental TherapeuticsProtective Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Neutralizing Alpha-Hemolysin and Bicomponent Leukocidins in a Rabbit Model of Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing PneumoniaStaphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections by producing an arsenal of cytotoxins.
Editor's Pick Experimental TherapeuticsEvaluation of the Activity of a Combination of Three Bacteriophages Alone or in Association with Antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus Embedded in Biofilm or Internalized in OsteoblastsStaphylococcus aureus is responsible for difficult-to-treat bone and joint infections (BJIs). This is related to its ability to form biofilm and to be internalized and persist inside osteoblasts. Recently, bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a promising option to improve treatment of such infections, but data on its activity against the specific bacterial lifestyles...
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsSubinhibitory Concentrations of Mupirocin Stimulate Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation by Upregulating cidAPrevious studies have shown that the administration of antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations stimulates biofilm formation by the majority of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Here, we investigated the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of mupirocin on biofilm formation by the community-associated (CA) mupirocin-sensitive MRSA strain...
Mechanisms of ResistanceClinical Mutations That Partially Activate the Stringent Response Confer Multidrug Tolerance in Staphylococcus aureusAntibiotic tolerance is an underappreciated antibiotic escape strategy that is associated with recurrent and relapsing infections, as well as acting as a precursor to resistance. Tolerance describes the ability of a bacterial population to survive transient exposure to an otherwise lethal concentration of antibiotic without exhibiting an elevated MIC.
Experimental TherapeuticsAbility of Bicarbonate Supplementation To Sensitize Selected Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains to β-Lactam Antibiotics in an Ex Vivo Simulated Endocardial Vegetation ModelSupplementation of standard growth media (cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton Broth [CAMHB]) with bicarbonate (NaHCO3) increases β-lactam susceptibility of selected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains (“NaHCO3 responsive”). This “sensitization” phenomenon translated to enhanced β-lactam efficacy in a rabbit model of endocarditis...
Clinical TherapeuticsRelationship between Vancomycin MIC and Virulence Gene Expression in Clonal Complexes of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Left-Sided EndocarditisHigher vancomycin MICs have been associated with more complicated courses and higher mortality rates in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE).