Staphylococcus aureus
Biologic Response ModifiersPentoxifylline Alone or in Combination with Gentamicin or Vancomycin Inhibits Live Microbe-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Cord Blood and Cord Blood Monocytes In VitroNeonatal sepsis and its accompanying inflammatory response contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which suppresses transcription and production of proinflammatory cytokines, is a candidate adjunctive therapy for newborn sepsis.
Experimental TherapeuticsAdjunctive Clavulanic Acid Abolishes the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect in an Experimental Rat Model of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus EndocarditisWe tested the ability of clavulanic acid to restore the efficacy of cefazolin against Staphylococcus aureus TX0117, which exhibits the cefazolin inoculum effect (CzIE). In the rat infective endocarditis model, the coadministration of cefazolin plus clavulanic acid resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial counts (7.1 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g) compared to...
Clinical TherapeuticsAlanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the MEDI4893 (Suvratoxumab) Epitope Reduces Alpha Toxin Lytic Activity In Vitro and Staphylococcus aureus Fitness in Infection ModelsAlpha toxin (AT) is a cytolytic pore-forming toxin that plays a key role in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis; consequently, extensive research was undertaken to understand the AT mechanism of action and its utility as a target for novel prophylaxis and treatment strategies against S. aureus...
Mechanisms of ResistanceSulfide Protects Staphylococcus aureus from Aminoglycoside Antibiotics but Cannot Be Regarded as a General Defense Mechanism against AntibioticsSulfide production has been proposed to be a universal defense mechanism against antibiotics in bacteria (K. Shatalin, E.
PharmacologyImpact of Antibiotic Treatment on the Burden of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus among Hospitalized PatientsWe examined the impact of systemic antibiotics on the burden of nasal Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized patients. Of 1,482 patients, 237 (16%) had nasal methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 92 (6%) had nasal methicillin-resistant...
Clinical TherapeuticsEffects of Phage Endolysin SAL200 Combined with Antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus InfectionPhages and their derivatives are increasingly being reconsidered for use in the treatment of bacterial infections due to the rising rates of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the antistaphylococcal effect of the endolysin SAL200 in combination with standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotics.
- Epidemiology and SurveillanceMolecular Characterization of Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Showing Increasing Prevalence of Mupirocin Resistance and Associated Multidrug Resistance following Attempted Decolonization
Sequential methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients following attempted mupirocin nasal decolonization showed an increase in mupirocin resistance (MR) from 6.6% to 20%. MR isolates from patients who failed decolonization yielded indistinguishable spa types and carried multiple antimicrobial and antiseptic resistance genes,...
- Mechanisms of ResistanceBacterial Silver Resistance Gained by Cooperative Interspecies Redox Behavior
- Clinical TherapeuticsPrevalence of a Cefazolin Inoculum Effect Associated with blaZ Gene Types among Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Four Major Medical Centers in Chicago
The efficacy of cefazolin with high-inoculum methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections remains in question due to therapeutic failure inferred as being due to an inoculum effect (InE). This study investigated the local prevalence of a cefazolin InE (CInE) and its association with staphylococcal blaZ gene types among MSSA isolates in the...
- Letter to the EditorIncreasing Rates of Penicillin Sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus