therapeutic drug monitoring
SusceptibilityThe Role of New Posaconazole Formulations in the Treatment of Candida albicans Infections: Data from an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic ModelPosaconazole is more active than fluconazole against Candida albicans in vitro and is approved for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis but not for that of invasive candidiasis (IC). Here, we explored the efficacy of posaconazole against C. albicans in an in vitro...
Clinical TherapeuticsModel-Optimized Fluconazole Dose Selection for Critically Ill Patients Improves Early Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment without the Need for Therapeutic Drug MonitoringFluconazole has been associated with higher mortality compared with the echinocandins in patients treated for invasive candida infections. Underexposure from current fluconazole dosing regimens may contribute to these worse outcomes, so alternative dosing strategies require study.
Clinical TherapeuticsBenznidazole in Cerebrospinal Fluid: a Case Series of Chagas Disease Meningoencephalitis in HIV-Positive PatientsChagas disease reactivation in HIV-positive people is an opportunistic infection with 79 to 100% mortality. It commonly involves the central nervous system (CNS).
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Meropenem in Critically Ill Pediatric PatientsThis study investigates the optimal meropenem (MEM) dosing regimen for critically ill pediatric patients, for which there is a lack of pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. We conducted a retrospective single-center PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of 34 pediatric intensive care unit patients who received MEM.
PharmacologyImipenem Population Pharmacokinetics: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data Collected in Critically Ill Patients with or without Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationCarbapenem pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles are significantly different in critically ill patients because of the drastic variability of the patients’ physiological parameters. Published population PK studies have mainly focused on specific diseases, and the majority of these studies had small sample sizes. The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model of imipenem in critically ill patients that estimated the influence of...
PharmacologyPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Optimization of Linezolid in Patients with Liver DysfunctionLinezolid is the first synthetic oxazolidone agent to treat infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Infected patients with liver dysfunction (LD) are more likely to suffer from adverse reactions, such as thrombocytopenia, when standard-dose linezolid is used than patients with LD who did not use linezolid. Currently, pharmacokinetics data of linezolid in patients with LD are limited. This study aimed to characterize...
PharmacologyEarly Bayesian Dose Adjustment of Vancomycin Continuous Infusion in Children in a Randomized Controlled TrialMethicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections are a global burden. Area under the concentration-time curve to MIC (AUC/MIC) ratio is the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter that best predicts vancomycin efficacy. Its therapeutic range is narrow, difficult to achieve because of a wide intersubject variability, especially in children, and is not routinely targeted since the AUC is rarely available.
Clinical TherapeuticsUsing State Transition Models To Explore How the Prevalence of Subtherapeutic Posaconazole Exposures Impacts the Clinical Utility of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Posaconazole Tablets and Oral SuspensionTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been recommended in guidelines for patients receiving posaconazole oral suspension, but its utility in patients receiving posaconazole tablet, which has an improved bioavailability, remains unclear.
PharmacologyInfluence of Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis Treatment on Isavuconazole Plasma Levels in Critically Ill PatientsIsavuconazole plasma concentrations were measured before and after sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) treatment in 22 critically ill adult patients with probable invasive aspergillosis and underlying hematological malignancies. Isavuconazole levels were significantly lower after SLED treatment (5.73 versus 3.36 μg/ml; P < 0.001). However, even after SLED treatment, isavuconazole concentrations exceeded the in vivo...
Clinical TherapeuticsLow Central Nervous System Posaconazole Concentrations during Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis...Posaconazole diffusion has been documented in various organs, which contrasts with the scarce data available for the human central nervous system (CNS). We analyzed posaconazole concentrations in plasma and multiple CNS specimens taken from a patient who received posaconazole because of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. Low posaconazole concentrations were obtained in CNS specimens, with sample-to-plasma ratios between 5% and 22%.