tuberculosis
Experimental TherapeuticsMonitoring Tuberculosis Drug Activity in Live Animals by Using Near-Infrared Fluorescence ImagingWorldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death due to infection with a single pathogenic agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the absence of an effective vaccine, new, more powerful antibiotics are required to halt the growing spread of multidrug-resistant strains and to shorten the duration of TB treatment. However, assessing drug efficacy at the...
MinireviewA Pharmacology Perspective on Simultaneous Tuberculosis and Hepatitis C TreatmentTuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are both major public health problems. Despite high rates of coinfection, there is scarce literature addressing the convergence of the two diseases. One particularly unexplored area is the potential for simultaneous treatment of TB and HCV which would allow for leveraging an extensive global TB treatment infrastructure to help scale up HCV treatment.
PharmacologyModeling and Simulation of Pretomanid Pharmacodynamics in Pulmonary Tuberculosis PatientsPretomanid (PA-824) is a nitroimidazole in clinical testing for the treatment of tuberculosis. A population pharmacodynamic model for pretomanid was developed using a Bayesian analysis of efficacy data from two early bactericidal activity (EBA) studies, PA-824-CL-007 and PA-824-CL-010, conducted in Cape Town, South Africa.
Clinical TherapeuticsEarly Discontinuation of Ethambutol in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Based on Results of the GenoType MTBDRplus Assay: a Prospective, Multicenter, Noninferiority Randomized Trial in South KoreaNo studies have investigated whether the discontinuation of ethambutol (EMB) based on susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampin, as determined by the GenoType MTBDRplus assay, would be appropriate. We aimed to determine the feasibility of discontinuing EMB before the end of the intensive phase of treatment based on the results of the MTBDRplus assay in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
Mechanisms of ResistanceAdaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Biofilm Growth Is Genetically Linked to Drug ToleranceMycobacterium tuberculosis spontaneously grows at the air-medium interface, forming pellicle biofilms, which harbor more drug-tolerant persisters than planktonic cultures. The underlying basis for increased persisters in M. tuberculosis biofilms is unknown.
Mechanisms of Action: Physiological EffectsPossible Binding of Piperine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA Polymerase and Rifampin SynergismThe activity of rifampin (RIF) and piperine was evaluated at the relative transcript levels of 12 efflux pumps (EPs), and an additional mechanism was proposed to be behind the synergic interactions of piperine plus RIF in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AutoDock v4.2.3 and Molegro v6 programs were used to evaluate PIP binding in...
Mechanisms of ResistanceRevisiting the β-Lactams for Tuberculosis Therapy with a Compound-Compound Synthetic Lethality ApproachThe suboptimal effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has hindered the utility of this compound class for tuberculosis treatment. However, the results of treatment with a second-line regimen containing meropenem plus a β-lactamase inhibitor were found to be encouraging in a case study of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M. C....
Clinical TherapeuticsDaily Dosing for Bedaquiline in Patients with TuberculosisThe bedaquiline regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in adults is a loading dose of 400 mg QD for 2 weeks followed by 200 mg thrice weekly (TIW) for 22 weeks. Most TB antibiotics administered with bedaquiline are given QD.
Experimental TherapeuticsDelamanid Central Nervous System Pharmacokinetics in Tuberculous Meningitis in Rabbits and HumansCentral nervous system tuberculosis (TB) is devastating and affects vulnerable populations. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculous meningitis (TBM) specifically are nearly uniformly fatal, with little information being available to guide the treatment of these patients. Delamanid (DLM), a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole, is a new, well-tolerated anti-TB drug with a low MIC (1 to 12 ng/ml) against...
