urinary tract infection
Mechanisms of ResistanceMetabolites Potentiate Nitrofurans in Nongrowing Escherichia coliNitrofurantoin (NIT) is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. It is a prodrug that once activated by nitroreductases goes on to inhibit bacterial DNA, RNA, cell wall, and protein synthesis.
Experimental TherapeuticsCiprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics against Susceptible and Low-Level Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates in an Experimental Ascending Urinary Tract Infection Model in MiceThe mouse ascending urinary tract infection model was used to study the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) relationships of the effect of ciprofloxacin in subcutaneous treatment for 3 days with varying doses and dosing intervals against a susceptible Escherichia coli strain (MIC, 0.032 mg/liter). Further, a humanized dose of ciprofloxacin was administered for 3...
Epidemiology and SurveillanceEscherichia coli Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Women: a Systematic ReviewAntibiotic resistance is a threat to public health, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) are an example of this concern. This systematic review (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] ID: CRD42020156674) is the first to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli resistance to fluoroquinolones in women with community-...
Epidemiology and SurveillancePrediction of Antibiotic Susceptibility for Urinary Tract Infection in a Hospital SettingEmpiric antibiotic prescribing can be supported by guidelines and/or local antibiograms, but these have limitations. We sought to use data from a comprehensive electronic health record to use statistical learning to develop predictive models for individual antibiotics that incorporate patient- and hospital-specific factors. This paper reports on the development and validation of these models with a large retrospective cohort. This was a...
PharmacologyOral Fosfomycin Treatment for Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections in a Dynamic In Vitro ModelThere are limited treatment options for enterococcal urinary tract infections, especially vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Oral fosfomycin is a potential option, although limited data are available guiding dosing and susceptibility. We undertook pharmacodynamic profiling of fosfomycin against E. faecalis and...
Clinical TherapeuticsOral Fosfomycin Efficacy with Variable Urinary Exposures following Single and Multiple Doses against Enterobacterales: the Importance of Heteroresistance for Growth OutcomeOral fosfomycin trometamol is licensed as a single oral dose for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, with activity against multidrug-resistant uropathogens. The impact of interindividual variability in urinary concentrations on antimicrobial efficacy, and any benefit of giving multiple doses, is uncertain.
Clinical TherapeuticsPharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Intravenous Sulbactam-Durlobactam with Imipenem-Cilastatin in Hospitalized Adults with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute PyelonephritisDurlobactam (DUR; ETX2514) is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with broad-spectrum activity against Ambler class A, C, and D β-lactamases. Durlobactam restores the in vitro activity of sulbactam (SUL) against members of the Acinetobacter baumannii-A. calcoaceticus complex (ABC). Sulbactam (SUL...
PharmacologyEx Vivo Urinary Bactericidal Activity and Urinary Pharmacodynamics of Fosfomycin after Two Repeated Dosing Regimens of Oral Fosfomycin Tromethamine in Healthy Adult SubjectsThe ex vivo bactericidal activity and pharmacodynamics of fosfomycin in urine were evaluated in 18 healthy subjects. Subjects received 3 g every other day (QOD) for 3 doses and then every day (QD) for 7 doses or vice versa. Serial urine samples were collected before and up to 24 h after dosing on days 1 and 5. Eight bacterial strains with various genotypic and phenotypic susceptibilities to fosfomycin were used for all...
Experimental TherapeuticsCarbapenem-Containing Combination Antibiotic Therapy against Carbapenem-Resistant Uropathogenic EnterobacteriaceaeThe increasing global prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) combined with the decline in effective therapies is a public health care crisis. After respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and associated urosepsis are the second most affected by CRE pathogens.
Editor's Pick Challenging Clinical Case in Antimicrobial ResistanceA Dutch Case Report of Successful Treatment of Chronic Relapsing Urinary Tract Infection with Bacteriophages in a Renal Transplant PatientWe report a case of a 58-year-old renal transplant patient who developed a recurrent urinary tract infection with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in the first month posttransplant. Even though it tested susceptible to carbapenems and despite repeated meropenem treatment, his infection recurred. The infection eventually...