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in vitro

  • Open Access
    Demonstration of the Broad-Spectrum <em>In Vitro</em> Activity of Finafloxacin against Pathogens of Biodefense Interest
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Demonstration of the Broad-Spectrum In Vitro Activity of Finafloxacin against Pathogens of Biodefense Interest

    This study investigated the in vitro activity of finafloxacin against bacterial strain panels of the biodefense pathogens. Broth microdilution assays were performed at neutral and acidic pH to determine the effectiveness of the antibiotics under conditions typical of an intracellular environment. In all instances, finafloxacin demonstrated superior activity at low pH.

    Kay B. Barnes, Steven D. Zumbrun, Stephanie A. Halasohoris, Purvi D. Desai, Lynda L. Miller, Mark I. Richards, Paul Russell, Christine Bentley, Sarah V. Harding
  • Endocarditis Caused by Highly Penicillin-Resistant Viridans Group Streptococci: Still Room for Vancomycin-Based Regimens
    Experimental Therapeutics
    Endocarditis Caused by Highly Penicillin-Resistant Viridans Group Streptococci: Still Room for Vancomycin-Based Regimens

    Optimal treatment options remain unknown for infective endocarditis (IE) caused by penicillin-resistant (PEN-R) viridans group streptococcal (VGS) strains. The aims of this study were to report two cases of highly PEN-R VGS IE, perform a literature review, and evaluate various antibiotic combinations in vitro and in vivo.

    Juan M. Pericàs, Ruvandhi Nathavitharana, Cristina Garcia-de-la-Mària, Carles Falces, Juan Ambrosioni, Manel Almela, Javier García-González, Eduard Quintana, Francesc Marco, Asunción Moreno, Arnold S. Bayer, José M. Miró, Adolf W. Karchmer, on behalf of the Hospital Clínic Endocarditis Study Group
  • <em>In Vitro</em> Activities of Omadacycline against Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
    Susceptibility
    In Vitro Activities of Omadacycline against Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

    The in vitro activity of omadacycline, a new tetracycline derivative, was evaluated against isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum using a broth microtiter dilution assay...

    Carolyn Shoen, David Benaroch, Mary Sklaney, Michael Cynamon
  • Baseline <em>Ex Vivo</em> and Molecular Responses of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium fa</span><span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">lciparum</span> Isolates to Piperaquine before Implementation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in Senegal
    Epidemiology and Surveillance
    Baseline Ex Vivo and Molecular Responses of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates to Piperaquine before Implementation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in Senegal

    Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, which was registered in 2017 in Senegal, is not currently used as the first-line treatment against uncomplicated malaria. A total of 6.6% to 17.1% of P. falciparum isolates collected in Dakar in 2013 to 2015 showed ex vivo-reduced susceptibility to piperaquine.

    Marie Gladys Robert, Francis Foguim Tsombeng, Mathieu Gendrot, Silman Diawara, Marylin Madamet, Mame Bou Kounta, Khalifa Ababacar Wade, Mansour Fall, Mamadou Wague Gueye, Nicolas Benoit, Aminata Nakoulima, Raymond Bercion, Rémy Amalvict, Bécaye Fall, Boubacar Wade, Bakary Diatta, Bruno Pradines
  • Evaluation of Carbapenems for Treatment of Multi- and Extensively Drug-Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>
    Pharmacology
    Evaluation of Carbapenems for Treatment of Multi- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) has become an increasing threat not only in countries where the TB burden is high but also in affluent regions, due to increased international travel and globalization. Carbapenems are earmarked as potentially active drugs for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    Sander P. van Rijn, Marlanka A. Zuur, Richard Anthony, Bob Wilffert, Richard van Altena, Onno W. Akkerman, Wiel C. M. de Lange, Tjip S. van der Werf, Jos G. W. Kosterink, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar
  • Absence of a High Level of Duplication of the Plasmepsin II Gene in Africa
    Epidemiology and Surveillance
    Absence of a High Level of Duplication of the Plasmepsin II Gene in Africa

    Resistance to piperaquine has been associated with the amplification of the plasmepsin II gene in Cambodia. None of the 175 African isolates that we analyzed had plasmepsin II gene amplification (piperaquine 50% inhibitory concentration ranged from 0.94 to 137.5 nM), suggesting there is a low prevalence of piperaquine reduced susceptibility in Africa.

    Marie Gladys Robert, Francis Foguim Tsombeng, Mathieu Gendrot, Joel Mosnier, Rémy Amalvict, Nicolas Benoit, Marylin Torrentino-Madamet, Bruno Pradines, the French National Reference Centre for Imported Malaria Study Group
  • Experimental Therapeutics
    In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Contezolid (MRX-I) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Carolyn Shoen, Michelle DeStefano, Barry Hafkin, Michael Cynamon
  • Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects
    β-Lactam Combinations with Vancomycin Show Synergistic Activity against Vancomycin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Intermediate S. aureus (VISA), and Heterogeneous VISA
    Kieu-Nhi Tran, Michael J. Rybak
  • Pharmacology
    Combination of Tedizolid and Daptomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Model of Simulated Endocardial Vegetations
    Jordan R. Smith, Juwon Yim, Seth Rice, Kyle Stamper, Razie Kebriaei, Michael J. Rybak
  • Clinical Therapeutics
    Plasmodium falciparum Recrudescence Two Years after Treatment of an Uncomplicated Infection without Return to an Area Where Malaria Is Endemic
    Denis Malvy, Marylin Torrentino-Madamet, Coralie L'Ollivier, Marie-Catherine Receveur, Fakhri Jeddi, Laurence Delhaes, Renaud Piarroux, Pascal Millet, Bruno Pradines

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