in vitro
PharmacologySemimechanistic Modeling of Eravacycline Pharmacodynamics Using In Vitro Time-Kill Data with MIC Incorporated in an Adaptive Resistance FunctionEffective bacterial infection eradication requires not only potent antibacterial agents but also proper dosing strategies. Current practices generally utilize point estimates of the effects of therapeutic agents, even though the actual kinetics of exposure are much more complex and relevant. Here, we use a full time course of the observed in vitro effects to develop a semimechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for...
Experimental TherapeuticsNovel Antiparasitic Activity of the Antifungal Lead OccidiofunginNovel antiparasitic activity was observed for the antifungal occidiofungin. It efficaciously and irreversibly inhibited the zoonotic enteric parasite Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro with limited cytotoxicity (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 120 nM versus 50% cytotoxic concentration [TC50] = 988 nM), and its application disrupted the...
SusceptibilityNovel Endochin-Like Quinolones Exhibit Potent In Vitro Activity against Plasmodium knowlesi but Do Not Synergize with ProguanilQuinolones, such as the antimalarial atovaquone, are inhibitors of the malarial mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex, a target critical to the survival of both liver- and blood-stage parasites, making these drugs useful as both prophylaxis and treatment. Recently, several derivatives of endochin have been optimized to produce novel quinolones that are active in vitro and in animal models. While these...
Experimental TherapeuticsDemonstration of the Broad-Spectrum In Vitro Activity of Finafloxacin against Pathogens of Biodefense InterestThis study investigated the in vitro activity of finafloxacin against bacterial strain panels of the biodefense pathogens. Broth microdilution assays were performed at neutral and acidic pH to determine the effectiveness of the antibiotics under conditions typical of an intracellular environment. In all instances, finafloxacin demonstrated superior activity at low pH.
Experimental TherapeuticsEndocarditis Caused by Highly Penicillin-Resistant Viridans Group Streptococci: Still Room for Vancomycin-Based RegimensOptimal treatment options remain unknown for infective endocarditis (IE) caused by penicillin-resistant (PEN-R) viridans group streptococcal (VGS) strains. The aims of this study were to report two cases of highly PEN-R VGS IE, perform a literature review, and evaluate various antibiotic combinations in vitro and in vivo.
Epidemiology and SurveillanceBaseline Ex Vivo and Molecular Responses of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates to Piperaquine before Implementation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in SenegalDihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, which was registered in 2017 in Senegal, is not currently used as the first-line treatment against uncomplicated malaria. A total of 6.6% to 17.1% of P. falciparum isolates collected in Dakar in 2013 to 2015 showed ex vivo-reduced susceptibility to piperaquine.
SusceptibilityIn Vitro Activities of Omadacycline against Rapidly Growing MycobacteriaThe in vitro activity of omadacycline, a new tetracycline derivative, was evaluated against isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum using a broth microtiter dilution assay...
PharmacologyEvaluation of Carbapenems for Treatment of Multi- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisMulti- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) has become an increasing threat not only in countries where the TB burden is high but also in affluent regions, due to increased international travel and globalization. Carbapenems are earmarked as potentially active drugs for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Epidemiology and SurveillanceAbsence of a High Level of Duplication of the Plasmepsin II Gene in AfricaResistance to piperaquine has been associated with the amplification of the plasmepsin II gene in Cambodia. None of the 175 African isolates that we analyzed had plasmepsin II gene amplification (piperaquine 50% inhibitory concentration ranged from 0.94 to 137.5 nM), suggesting there is a low prevalence of piperaquine reduced susceptibility in Africa.
- Experimental TherapeuticsIn Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Contezolid (MRX-I) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis